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Biological clock: jet lag BIOLOGICAL CLOCK: JET LAG
Have you noticed that, even without looking at a watch, we usually wake up at about the same time every morning and feel sleepy and go to bed nearly the same time each night? We do not need to know the time to do all these things. Somehow our body knows the time, as if we have a clock inside. This internal clock is called the biological clock.
Jet lag is a similar example. The traveller who flies from one side of a continent to another is unable to reset his biological clock immediately. The clock is still running at the same time back home; hence there is a feeling of disharmony. Sleeping and eating at a new time disrupt the jet traveller's old pattern. It may take a few days to get used to the new time. There is one way to reduce the effect of jet lag and that is to reset your biological clock closer to the local time of your destination a few days before travelling. For people travelling westward, you should stay up later and later each night for a few nights before departure. For people travelling eastward, you should go to bed earlier and earlier each night instead. By doing so you may reduce the gap between your biological clock and the new local time of your destination.
Jet lag can become a problem for someone who has to make frequent trips overseas, especially if he has to make important decisions immediately on arrival. The inadequacy of performance after travelling across different time zones has led the military and many large corporations to forbid high level decision-making after a long flight until after a proper resting time. The 'rest formula' now used by the International Civil Aviation Organization, developed by Dr L. E. Buley, takes into account the hours of the day the traveller departed and arrived, the number of time zones flown through, and the number of hours travelled:
Rest time (days) - [ 7/2 + (Z - 4) +Cd + Ca ]/10
T is the travel times in hours, Z is the number of time zones, Cd and Ca are coefficients of departure and arrival which introduce gains and losses of time.
If one flies from Melbourne to London, departing Melbourne at 1300 hours (Eastern Standard Time) and arriving London at 0555 (Greenwich Mean Time), the rest period is calculated as follows:
Rest time =[26/2 + (10-4) + 1 + 3]/10 = 2.3 days.
An overseas trip is one of the very few instances in which sleeping pills are to be recommended. A drug that is short acting is preferred so as not to cause drowsiness on arrival.
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